Sound: /th/___

Most typical error: A student makes a /f/ for a voiceless /th/

A student makes a /v/ for a voiced /th/

Some specific features of articulator placement/position, manner, and voicing component:

Articulator placements/positions

*lower jaw is down moderately

*lips apart with no rounding

*lips do not move during the production of this sound

*tongue tip is between the upper and lower front teeth

There is no movement of the articulators during this sound

Manner of airflow-there is no constriction of air

Voiced component is off for voiceless /th/ (as in “thumb”) and on for a voiced /th/ (as in “this” or “brother”)

Some typical changes in articulator placement/position, manner, and/or voicing that students make which cause errors in this sound:

*a student might want to keep tongue tip back and bite the lip, producing a /f/ or /v/ sound

*a student might want to keep tongue tip back without changing the formation of the lips, resulting in an /s/ or /z/ sound

Ideas for eliciting this sound in isolation:

*Work on non-speech articulator placement/positioning first—

Tongue tip formation when sticking out the tongue

Tongue tip placement between—holding for 5, 10, 15 seconds

Make sure lower jaw is down moderately—if not down enough, tongue positioning is

affected

*Pauses or breaks between individual sounds help the student to work on the motor patterns of each sound before these sounds are combined—it is more difficult to produce hard sounds in the environment of other sounds—